Consumer Protection

Merger to impact consumers and workers in Southern California 

OAKLAND — California Attorney General Rob Bonta today issued a statement on the first day of trial in the state’s lawsuit challenging Kroger’s $24.6 billion purchase of Albertsons. Kroger and Albertsons are the two largest national supermarket chains in the country and this merger presents a significant risk of reduced competition and higher food prices nationwide. In California specifically, the Albertsons-Kroger merger is expected to further consolidate the highly concentrated retail grocery market in Southern California, leading consumers to face fewer choices and higher prices. The merger is also expected to reduce the ability of unions to negotiate working conditions at these stores, impacting thousands of employees in California.

In February 2024, Attorney General Bonta joined the Federal Trade Commission and a bipartisan coalition of states in filing a lawsuit that seeks to block the proposed Albertsons-Kroger merger, alleging it is in violation of the federal Clayton Act. 

“Across California, families are struggling to make ends meet and wincing at the price of everything from groceries to gas. As the People’s Attorney, it is my honor to stand up to big corporations who only care about their bottom line and directly contribute to this unaffordability. That is exactly what we are doing with this lawsuit,” said Attorney General Bonta. “This merger will leave Californians with fewer choices over where to shop – and for workers in this industry, where to work. We are in court today to prevent this unlawful attempt by Kroger and Albertsons to merge their operations and reduce competition in the marketplace.”

Pricing alignment schemes contributed to higher rent prices throughout Southern California 

OAKLAND — California Attorney General Rob Bonta today, alongside the U.S. Department of Justice, and a bipartisan coalition of eight attorneys general, filed a lawsuit against RealPage, a revenue management software company used by landlords to price multifamily rental housing units. The lawsuit alleges RealPage enabled landlords to artificially raise rents by participating in a pricing alignment scheme that increased their rent revenue across the board, enabled by the illegal sharing of confidential pricing and supply information. This harmed consumers by decreasing competition, limiting price negotiation, and increasing prices in the rental housing industry. Pricing alignment schemes affected rental housing throughout California, especially in multifamily buildings in Southern California including in Orange County, Anaheim, Santa Ana, Irvine, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ontario, Rancho Cucamonga, Temecula, Murrieta, San Diego, and Carlsbad.

“Anticompetitive agreements are illegal, whether done by a human or software program. RealPage misused private and sensitive consumer data to take the competition out of the rental industry, leaving renters no other choice but to pay the intentionally high prices that landlords agreed to set,” said Attorney General Bonta. “This means that even if rental home supply was high, rent prices stayed the same, and in some cases, rents went up. This conduct is unacceptable and illegal, and given California’s current housing shortage and affordability crisis, it is causing real harm. Every day, millions of Californians worry about keeping a roof over their head and RealPage has directly made it more difficult to do so.”

RealPage is in the business of generating rent increases and growing revenue for landlords by using algorithmic models to recommend price increases to subscribers. It does so by amassing competitively sensitive data from competing landlords through its pricing algorithms and sharing this data among subscribers. Landlords understand that their nonpublic data will be used to recommend prices not just for their own units, but also for competitors who use the programs. Landlords agree to provide this information because they understand they will benefit from the information of their rivals. In other words, RealPage knows what competing landlords are charging and can increase profits for landlords by using that information to recommend landlords set or raise their prices uniformly, thereby eliminating competition, and leaving renters no choice but to pay artificially high prices.

Over the last four decades, housing needs have significantly outpaced housing production in California. Housing costs have skyrocketed, making it harder for Californians to keep a roof over their heads. California's 17 million renters spend a significant portion of their paychecks on rent, with an estimated 700,000 Californians at risk of eviction.   

The lawsuit filed today alleges RealPage violated Sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Antitrust Act, which prohibits anticompetitive agreements, monopolization, and attempted monopolization. Monopolization offenses occur when a single firm maintains a monopoly unlawfully, by using its control of the market to exclude rivals and harm competition. RealPage’s unlawful sharing of nonpublic, competitively sensitive data aligns landlords’ pricing and effectively removes the competitive pressure that benefits renters. Without competitive pressure, landlords have no incentive to decrease prices or offer discounts common in rental markets, like a free month or waived fees. RealPage’s rivals who lawfully compete on merits cannot guarantee landlords the increased profits that RealPage can provide, this maintains and protects RealPage’s monopoly power. 

The lawsuit seeks to end:

• The anticompetitive agreements between RealPage and its landlord customers to share confidential, competitively sensitive information.
• A pricing alignment scheme to raise rents for the American public.
• RealPage’s illegal monopoly in revenue management software built on the competitors’ data that it collects and uses.

In filing the lawsuit, Attorney General Bonta joins the U.S. Department of Justice and the attorneys general of Colorado, Connecticut, Minnesota, North Carolina, Oregon, Tennessee, and Washington.

A copy of the complaint can be found here. 

More than $20 million paid in consumer restitution

OAKLAND — California Attorney General Rob Bonta today announced filing a complaint and stipulated judgment resolving the investigation into ticket reseller StubHub, Inc. (StubHub) for failing to timely pay refunds to California consumers for canceled events during the COVID-19 pandemic. At the onset of the pandemic, StubHub failed to honor its advertised policy of providing full cash refunds for canceled events and instead issued consumers StubHub credit for future events. Following an investigation by the California Department of Justice, StubHub reversed its decision in May 2021 and began providing cash refunds to California consumers. The settlement, which was approved today in Los Angeles Superior Court, includes strong injunctive terms for future StubHub ticket sales, a penalty of $295,000, and memorializes $20 million in cash refunds that StubHub provided to more than 45,000 California consumers following the commencement of this investigation.

“By failing to issue full cash refunds for canceled events during the pandemic, StubHub not only violated its advertised policy but also violated the trust of its consumers,” said Attorney General Bonta. “My office proudly works to keep California consumers safe from false or misleading business practices. If you believe you are the victim of false or misleading advertising, please report it to oag.ca.gov/report.”

StubHub operates one of the largest online ticket reselling marketplaces, where buyers purchase tickets to concerts, sports, and other events. StubHub had long advertised that consumers would receive full refunds for tickets purchased on its website or app if the event were later canceled. StubHub made this “FanProtect Guarantee” a central part of its marketing efforts. But in late March 2020, as mass events were canceled in response to COVID-19, StubHub announced a policy change in which consumers would instead receive 120% credit for future StubHub purchases, rather than a full refund for canceled events. This new policy was applied to new ticket purchases and to consumers who had already purchased tickets based on the prior FanProtect Guarantee.

The complaint alleges StubHub violated California’s Unfair Competition Law (UCL) and California’s False Advertising Law by misleading ticket buyers who relied on the advertised refund policy when purchasing tickets before March 2020.

In addition to $20 million in consumer restitution and a $295,000 penalty under the UCL, StubHub will have to comply with significant injunctive terms requiring StubHub to abide by the UCL and other consumer protection laws, including not violating California laws specific to event ticket sales. The negotiated terms also specifically prohibit StubHub from making any misrepresentations regarding its refund policies or failing to honor the existing refund policy unless it is modified by agreement with the informed consent of the consumer.

California law imposes several obligations on ticket sellers, including with respect to canceled or rescheduled events.  As of January 1, 2022, ticket sellers must provide a full refund for any canceled event within 30 calendar days of the cancellation. For events that are postponed, rescheduled, or replaced with another event at the same time and place, a consumer is entitled to a full refund upon request, which must be provided by the ticket seller within 30 calendar days of the request.

Attorney General Bonta is committed to investigating and remedying harm to consumers affected by unlawful and deceptive business practices. 

• In July, Attorney General Bonta issued information for consumers following Senate Bill 478 (SB 478) going into effect on July 1, 2024. SB 478 makes it illegal for businesses to advertise or list a price for a good or service that does not include all required fees or charges other than certain government taxes and shipping costs. 
• In May, Attorney General Bonta, alongside a multistate coalition, announced a $10.25 million settlement with major U.S wireless carriers after an industry-wide investigation of misleading advertising practices. The settlement requires industry-wide changes to deceptive advertising practices in the marketing of cell phones.
• In April, Attorney General Bonta, along with the District Attorneys of Alameda and Marin counties, and city and county of San Francisco, announced a $23 million settlement with Service Corporation International, the nation’s largest funeral service provider for engaging in false advertising and unlawful and deceptive acts in its marketing and sale of pre-need cremation packages.
• Also in April, Attorney General Bonta submitted a comment letter supporting the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s proposed rule which would close a regulatory loophole that enables banks to extract billions of dollars from consumers by charging overdraft fees without adequately disclosing basic credit terms.

A copy of the complaint and stipulated judgment can be found here, and here.

OAKLAND — California Attorney General Rob Bonta today sent a letter to Congress expressing his strong concerns with the Securing and Enabling Commerce Using Remote and Electronic (SECURE) Notarization Act, which would preempt state notarization laws. In the letter, Attorney General Bonta argues that any federal law providing for remote online notarization should allow states to monitor and prevent data breaches, fraud, and other abuses, by allowing coexistence with more robust and protective state notarization laws that states may have in place now or in the future.

“As more of our lives move online, we must be diligent about safeguarding consumer privacy and preventing fraud,” said Attorney General Bonta. “States are the front lines of consumer protection, any federal legislation should embrace, rather than preempt, state notarization laws. As the People’s Attorney, I'm committed to protecting vulnerable Californians from fraud and other abuses. That will be much more difficult for many of our most sensitive transactions — from buying a house to signing a will — if California's online notarization laws are preempted.”

The main purpose of notarization is to verify the identities of the individuals whose signatures are used to formalize important transactions. This includes creating advance healthcare directives, granting powers of attorney, and conducting real estate sales and purchases. The events requiring notarization are infrequent in most people's lives, but the consequences of related fraud can be significant.

The rules regarding notarizations have long been governed by the states. California, for example, has an extensive body of state law governing notaries and notarial acts, including the registration, eligibility, and duties of notaries; the identity authentication process; the preservation of private California information related to the notarial act; and regulatory oversight by the California Secretary of State. In 2023, the California Legislature enacted SB 696, the Online Notarization Act, with broad bipartisan support, after failing to pass similar legislation on three separate occasions that did not achieve the same levels of consumer protections. SB 696 provides many safeguards for Californians, including prohibitions on sharing consumers’ personal information, and requirements for data security.

The SECURE Notarization Act would deprive Californians of most of these protections by broadly preempting state notarization law in the emerging area of remote online notarization. If signed into law, the SECURE Notarization Act would also require states to recognize out-of-state online notarizations that meet minimum standards, with forced reciprocity that would inevitably result in a race to the bottom regarding consumer protections. The SECURE Notarization Act lacks guidance relating to the preservation of electronic recordings and other sensitive personal information, which could be subject to data breaches or other misuse. This data — likely to be retained by notaries as a result of remote online notarizations — had not previously been collected during the traditional notarization process.

A copy of the letter can be found here.

Consumers’ financial future should not be ruined for seeking lifesaving care

OAKLAND — California Attorney General Rob Bonta today sent a letter to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) in support of the Bureau’s Proposed Rule which would prohibit the reporting of medical debt on credit reports. The proposed rule is expected to provide desperately needed relief for millions of Americans burdened by unexpected or inaccurate medical bills. Earlier this year, Attorney General Bonta, Senator Monique Limón (D- Santa Barbara), and a coalition of prominent consumer advocacy organizations unveiled SB 1061, legislation seeking to protect consumers from having their credit ruined by prohibiting medical debt from being reported on credit reports.

“When someone is scared and in pain, the last thing they should think about is whether seeking care will take away their ability to buy a house or land a job. Unfortunately, this is the reality for many people today,” said Attorney General Bonta. “There is no need for medical debt to appear on credit reports as it is not a good predictor of repayment, and it pushes more and more people into a harmful debt cycle that is very difficult to escape. I thank the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau for their nationwide leadership on this issue and for proposing a rule that sets a floor for consumer protections and allows states to enact stronger protections for their residents.”

Credit reports are meant to gauge an individual’s ability to repay future debt. Medical debt is often unforeseen and not a reliable indicator of financial risk, yet it can unfairly prevent consumers from getting loans, renting an apartment, or getting a job. Millions of Californians are saddled with medical debt as a result of our broken healthcare system. Fifty-two percent of adults reported that in the last 12 months, they or a family member had delayed or postponed care due to cost, 36% had medical debt, and 27% had problems paying or could not pay their medical bills.

In the letter, Attorney General Bonta notes that medical debt impacts consumers regardless of payment method and proposes the definition of medical debt be expanded to include all forms of payments made to health care providers. For instance, individuals might not directly owe money to medical or dental care providers; they might have settled their bills by incurring different types of debt, such as paying their provider with a credit card. These forms of debt should also be included in the coverage of the rule. For example, many Californians who cannot pay for health care turn to credit cards they are unable to pay down. The share of consumers who put medical or dental bills on a credit card is growing, now accounting for 25% of Californians, up from 19% just one year ago. This number is even higher for historically marginalized groups.

The letter also addresses CFPB’s concerns about the feasibility of identifying medical debt owed to third-party lenders, such as credit cards, by explaining that these lenders already have systems in place to categorize types of debt, which could be used to identify medical debt.

Attorney General Bonta is committed to protecting the financial health of Californians, especially vulnerable populations. In April, Attorney General Bonta submitted a comment letter supporting the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s proposed overdraft fee rule which would close a regulatory loophole that enables banks to extract billions of dollars from consumers by charging overdraft fees without adequately disclosing basic credit terms. In February, Attorney General Bonta issued letters to small banks and credit unions warning that overdraft and returned deposited item fees may violate California’s Unfair Competition Law and the federal Consumer Financial Protection Act. California consumers paid an estimated $200 million in overdraft fees in 2022, with the financial burden disproportionately falling on low-income consumers and consumers of color.

A copy of the letter can be found here.

OAKLAND — California Attorney General Rob Bonta issued the following statement after a federal judge ruled that Google maintained an unlawful monopoly on internet general search services and general search text ads in United States v. Google.

“As the fifth largest economy in the world, California has a special interest in protecting a landscape where competition and innovation will flourish,” said Attorney General Bonta. “This historic win sets the tone for what we as a country and state will not allow. The California Department of Justice remains vigorously committed to enforcing antitrust laws.” 

On December 11, 2020, then-Attorney General Xavier Becerra announced that California would join the U.S. Department of Justice’s lawsuit against Google regarding its monopoly on general internet search services and search-based advertising. In November 2023, Attorney General Bonta issued a statement following the conclusion of the 10-week bench trial.

OAKLAND — California Attorney General Rob Bonta today issued a consumer alert following Governor Newsom’s declaration of a state of emergency in Kern County due to the Borel Fire. The Borel Fire began burning in the Sequoia National Forest last week and is one of several fires comprising the SQF Lightning Complex, which has burned close to 90,000 acres to date.

In today’s alert, Attorney General Bonta reminds all Californians that price gouging during a state of emergency is illegal under Penal Code Section 396. Californians who believe they have been the victim of price gouging should report it to their local authorities or to the Attorney General at oag.ca.gov/report. To view a list of all price gouging restrictions currently in effect as a result of proclamations by the Governor, please see here. 

“As the Borel Fire sweeps through Kern County communities, I want to issue another reminder: Price gouging during a state of emergency is illegal. Businesses and landlords cannot unlawfully raise the price of essential supplies, hotels, rental housing, and more,” said Attorney General Bonta.  “I urge all Californians to be prepared, keep safe, and understand that in California you have rights protecting you during an emergency.” 

California law generally prohibits charging a price that exceeds, by more than 10%, the price of an item before a state or local declaration of emergency. For any item a seller only began selling after an emergency declaration, the law generally prohibits charging a price that exceeds the seller's cost of the item by more than 50%. This law applies to those who sell food, emergency supplies, medical supplies, building materials, and gasoline. The law also applies to repair or reconstruction services, emergency cleanup services, certain transportation services, freight and storage services, hotel accommodations, and rental housing. Exceptions to this prohibition exist if, for example, the price of labor, goods, or materials has increased for the business. 

Violators of the price gouging statute are subject to criminal prosecution that can result in a one-year imprisonment in county jail and/or a fine of up to $10,000. Violators are also subject to civil enforcement actions including civil penalties of up to $2,500 per violation, injunctive relief, and mandatory restitution. The Attorney General and local district attorneys can enforce the statute. 

For additional information, please see DOJ's FAQs on price gouging here.

OAKLAND — California Attorney General Rob Bonta today issued a consumer alert following Governor Newsom’s declaration of a state of emergency in Plumas County due to the Gold Complex Fire, and in Butte and Tehama Counties due to the Park Fire. The fires have together burned more than 181,000 acres, forcing the evacuation of thousands of residents, destroying homes, and threatening critical infrastructure.

In today’s alert, Attorney General Bonta reminds all Californians that price gouging during a state of emergency is illegal under Penal Code Section 396. Californians who believe they have been the victim of price gouging should report it to their local authorities or to the Attorney General at oag.ca.gov/report. To view a list of all price gouging restrictions currently in effect as a result of proclamations by the Governor, please see here. 

“As the Gold Complex and Park Fires force evacuations across Plumas, Butte, and Tehama Counties, I want to be very clear: Price gouging during a state of emergency is illegal. This means that businesses and landlords cannot unlawfully raise the price of essential supplies, hotels, rental housing, and more,” said Attorney General Bonta. “ I urge all Californians to listen to communication from officials, lend a helping hand where they can, and report price gouging when they see it.” 

California law generally prohibits charging a price that exceeds, by more than 10%, the price of an item before a state or local declaration of emergency. For any item a seller only began selling after an emergency declaration, the law generally prohibits charging a price that exceeds the seller's cost of the item by more than 50%. This law applies to those who sell food, emergency supplies, medical supplies, building materials, and gasoline. The law also applies to repair or reconstruction services, emergency cleanup services, certain transportation services, freight and storage services, hotel accommodations, and rental housing. Exceptions to this prohibition exist if, for example, the price of labor, goods, or materials has increased for the business. 

Violators of the price gouging statute are subject to criminal prosecution that can result in a one-year imprisonment in county jail and/or a fine of up to $10,000. Violators are also subject to civil enforcement actions including civil penalties of up to $2,500 per violation, injunctive relief, and mandatory restitution. The Attorney General and local district attorneys can enforce the statute. 

For additional information, please see DOJ's FAQs on price gouging here.

OAKLAND — California Attorney General Rob Bonta today announced a $50 million settlement with gas trading firms, resolving allegations that Vitol, Inc. (Vitol) and SK Energy Americas, Inc., along with its parent company SK Trading International (SK), secretly worked together to tamper with and manipulate spot market prices for California gasoline. The settlement reflects Attorney General Bonta’s larger effort to hold Big Oil accountable for unlawful price increases and anticompetitive behavior. SBX1-2 (Skinner), which passed last spring and was co-sponsored by Attorney General Bonta and Governor Newsom, established new oversight over petroleum markets.

 “Petroleum companies should not get to reap mass profits out of the pockets of hardworking Californians through illegal market manipulation,” said Attorney General Rob Bonta. “Market manipulation and price gouging are illegal and unacceptable, particularly during times of crisis when people are most vulnerable. That's why California passed the nation-leading legislation SBX1-2, which improves transparency in the oil industry so we can root out the causes of price irregularities and take action if we find companies violating the law. Today's settlement is an important reminder that no one is above the law.”

“When oil companies manipulate markets to line their own pockets, California will hold them accountable, and I commend my former colleagues in the Department of Justice on seeing this landmark case through to a successful conclusion,” said Tai Milder, Director of the Division of Petroleum Market Oversight. “Today, with Senate Bill X1-2 — the Gas Price Gouging and Transparency Law — California has even stronger tools to monitor the oil industry, expose bad actors, and protect consumers. These tools make it harder for industry actors like these firms to engage in this kind of misconduct in the first place."

This settlement resolves allegations brought in the California Department of Justice's lawsuit filed in May 2020. The lawsuit alleged that Vitol and SK took advantage of the market disruption following a February 2015 explosion at a gasoline refinery in Torrance, California to engage in a scheme to drive up gas prices for their own profit. These alleged actions illegally suppressed competition within the gasoline market and forced California consumers to pay more for gasoline.

To qualify for a settlement payment, you must submit a claim. Once the court authorizes the issuance of notice to California residents, you can submit a claim online at www.CalGasLitigation.com

Under the settlement and SBX1-2, if the firms resumed operations in California, Vitol and SK would be required to submit:

• A daily report to the Energy Commission containing certain information for each transaction occurring in the preceding day.
• Weekly reports to the Energy Commission that include the weekly inventory volume, by type, such as gasoline, gasoline blending components, diesel fuel, or renewable fuels, for each position holder by name of company, and copies of all contracts or agreements entered into with any refiners, oil producers, petroleum product transporters, petroleum product marketers, petroleum product pipeline operators, terminal operators, or any other entity that trades in petroleum products whether or not those entities take possession of those products, as designated by the Energy Commission.

SBX1-2, authored by Senator Nancy Skinner (D-Berkeley), co-sponsored by Attorney General Bonta and Governor Newsom, and approved by a supermajority in both the Senate and Assembly, created a dedicated independent watchdog to root out market manipulation and price gouging by oil companies. The law went into effect on June 26, 2023.  

Attorney General Bonta is committed to holding Big Oil accountable. Last September, Attorney General Bonta and Governor Newsom filed a lawsuit against five of the largest oil and gas companies in the world — Exxon Mobil, Shell, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, and BP — and the American Petroleum Institute for allegedly engaging in a decades-long campaign of deception and creating climate change-related harms in California. Last month, Attorney General Bonta filed an amended complaint in this case, adding a remedy that would require the defendants to give up the profits gained through their illegal conduct. The amended complaint also includes additional examples of recent false advertising and greenwashing by the oil companies.

This settlement is in addition to a settlement of a private class action lawsuit filed in federal court. 

A copy of the Attorney General’s complaint is available here. For settlement information, please see here and here. 

OAKLAND — In recognition of Military Consumer Month, Attorney General Rob Bonta today issued a consumer alert to help protect California service members, veterans, and their family members from targeted common scams and fraud. Scammers often target the military community: According to the Federal Trade Commission, military consumers nationwide reported over 93,700 fraud complaints last year, including 42,766 imposter scams that reportedly cost them and their families over $178 million.

“Far too often, California service members and their families are targets for predatory scammers. Scams are varied and sophisticated, promising everything from home loans to jobs, and continuing education. I urge California’s military community to learn the scam warning signs, bring a buddy when engaging in major transactions, and take a tactical pause when an offer seems too good to be true,” said Attorney General Bonta. “As part of our commitment to protect those who protect us, my office will continue to bring the full force of the law against those who seek to exploit California’s military community. If you have fallen victim to a scam or suspect fraudulent activity, get help and share your story so that we can help your fellow service members. You can report fraud to your local military or civilian law enforcement agency, or to the California Department of Justice at oag.ca.gov/report.”

Why is the Military Community Targeted? 

Military service members, veterans, and their families are frequently targeted by scammers who want access to their pay and benefits, and who know that military members will often pay even fraudulent or over-stated debts to avoid security clearance issues or other disruptions to their military careers. In addition, the camaraderie that unites the military community is often exploited by impostors who claim to be veterans in attempts to perpetrate scams or access personal information for fraudulent purposes.   

Common Scams Targeting the Military Community:

Scammers use a variety of tactics to gain trust. Protect yourself by staying up to date on common military- and veteran-targeted scams. Beware of the following: 

• Charity Scams: Just because a charity includes the word “veteran” in its name doesn’t mean that veterans are members of the group, or that veterans or their families will benefit from a donation. Scammers will use names that sound legitimate or those that mimic the names of well-known charities to create confusion. Take the time to make an informed decision and be wary of aggressive solicitations. Go to oag.ca.gov/charities, under the Resources & Tools section, and click on Registry Verification Search. If a charity is not listed, it should not be soliciting funds in California. If it is listed, you can view its financial reports, including the IRS Form 990 that the charity is required to file with DOJ's Registry of Charitable Trusts.
• Predatory Schools: The GI Bill and other military education programs offer you the chance to attend school and plan for your future, but for-profit schools sometimes target service members and veterans with false promises. Slow down and take the time you need to make the right decision. Predatory schools often use high-pressure sales tactics to try to get you to sign up. It’s important to ask for information about the programs, such as graduation rates, job placement, and graduate salary information. Offers that seem too good to be true generally are. Further, don't forget that educational opportunities at the California Community Colleges, California State University, and University of California may be available to you. 
• Home Loan Scams: Be aware of scammers that — through phone calls or fraudulent mailers — claim to be affiliated with the government, the Department of Veterans Affairs, or your home loan servicer. These fraudsters may attempt to convince you to agree to loan modifications, refinance your home, or make payments on your loans. Be cautious of any individual or lender that contacts you and asks you to pay fees upfront before receiving any services; tells you to cancel your mortgage payment and resend the funds elsewhere; tells you to make payments to someone other than your current loan servicer; or pressures you to sign papers you haven’t had a chance to read thoroughly or that you don’t understand — including asking you to sign over the title to your property. 
• Identity Theft and Fraud: Some scammers will pretend to be from the Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, or other official organizations in order to get your personal information so that they can commit identity theft or fraud. Before you provide any information, always make sure a request is coming from an official organization by doing a quick search on the internet or consulting a trusted source to get the organization’s real contact information. Never trust the contact information given by the person that is asking for your personal information, as scammers often give out fake contact information. Be wary of letters and emails that have misspellings, look unprofessional, or send you to a non-government website for information or action, as these are almost always fake. Lastly, never give out your Social Security number to receive military or veteran discounts. Scammers often promise military or veteran discounts in order to obtain personal information. 
• Job Scams: Service members looking for new career opportunities after leaving service are a target for scammers posting fictitious job listings with the goal of stealing their personal information and finances. Avoid becoming a victim of job scams by conducting thorough research on the company. Additionally, stick to well-known job search platforms and government career websites when looking for job opportunities. Remember, legitimate employers will never require you to pay fees for applications, interviews, or background checks. You should also look out for fake check scams, which occur when a scammer posing as an employer sends you a counterfeit check to deposit into your account. The scammer will then ask you to send a portion of the funds back to them or a third party, while letting you keep some as payment. Eventually, the bank reverses the fake check, leaving you stuck paying the money back to the bank. If something feels off or suspicious during the job search, trust your instincts and end communication immediately.
• Pension Scams: Veterans ages 65 and over are targeted by scam financial advisers who try to persuade senior veterans to buy costly annuities or transfer their assets into trusts, or pay unnecessary and illegal fees for help with a veterans pension application. These "advisers" claim to help veterans qualify for Aid and Attendance or other veterans benefits, but may cause you to lose eligibility or access to pension, disability, or healthcare benefits. If you are interested in Aid and Attendance or other veterans benefits, you can get free help from your County Veterans Service Office here.
• Affinity Fraud: Affinity scams target members of identifiable groups, including the military. The perpetrators are — or pretend to be — members of the targeted group, and use sales pitches that rely on group trust and loyalty. In the military community, this includes exploiting the trust that service members have for their fellow service members, and for veterans who previously served. Don't make a significant purchase, or an investment decision, based on the salesperson's supposed military service, or the claim that a business is military-friendly or endorsed by the Armed Forces. Take a tactical pause, and shop around for the best deal.
• Debt Collection and Illegal Threats: Debt collectors may try to trick or scare service members into making payments on debts. It is illegal for debt collectors to do any of the following: revoke your security clearance; contact your command in order to collect a debt (unless they have your consent, given after the debt came due, to do so); discipline or demote you; or garnish your pay. If a debt collector is trying to collect a debt that you do not owe or have already paid, dispute the debt in writing. Tell the debt collector why you do not owe the debt, include copies of any evidence you have, and mail this dispute to the debt collector using registered mail so that you have proof that the collector received it — and make sure to keep copies of everything for yourself. If you dispute the debt within 30 days after the collector first contacted you, the collector must stop collection until it shows you written proof of the debt.
• Rental Housing Scams: These scams target military personnel looking for housing near a base, especially prevalent during the Permanent Change of Station season. Scammers pretend to be real estate agents and post fake ads for rental properties on websites, sometimes promising military discounts and other incentives in order to get service members to send them money for fees and deposits upfront. If someone insists on receiving money or other payments before a property has been seen, it is likely a rental scam. Avoid wiring money to reserve apartments, and use your installation housing office or established property management companies to locate potential housing. 
• Predatory Auto Sales and Financing: Car dealers located near military bases may try to lure service members with promises of special deals for military personnel. Often, these so-called deals conceal the terms of purchase for the vehicle and result in the service member drastically overpaying for both the vehicle and the cost of financing. For example, dealers may insist that military personnel will not qualify for financing unless they purchase overpriced and unnecessary add-ons. Other times, the dealer may tell a service member who just purchased a car that the initial financing fell through and insist on renegotiating for worse terms. You should not rely on oral promises, nor feel pressured to enter into any purchase, without first reading and understanding the contract. If you are looking to purchase a car, you should explore all of your options for financing — including by contacting your bank or credit union — before making a purchase. 

Protect Yourself from Scams:  

• Bring a battle buddy when making big decisions, and take a tactical pause: Take your time with big decisions and get advice.  A business that pressures you to make a quick decision or to not talk with your family, friends, a military financial counselor, or an officer or NCO that you trust may be out to scam you.
• Take advantage of free annual credit reports: You are entitled to one free credit report every year from each of the three national credit bureaus: Equifax, Experian and TransUnion. Your credit history contains information from financial institutions, utilities, landlords, insurers, and others. By checking your credit reports at least once a year, you can identify signs of identity theft, as well errors in your report that could be raising the cost of your credit. Order your free annual credit reports by phone, toll-free, at 1-877-322-8228, or online at www.annualcreditreport.com.
• Place a Fraud Alert: If your identity is stolen, put a fraud alert on your credit report by contacting the three main credit reporting agencies: Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion. Also, consider requesting a credit freeze, which will restrict access to your credit file, making it difficult for identity thieves to open new accounts in your name. Report identity theft right away and get a recovery plan at identitytheft.gov. Additionally, file a police report with your local sheriff or police department and keep a copy for your records.
• Report Suspicious Activity: Never give out personal information to a lender or servicer that contacts you out of the blue. If you are feeling unsure, hang up and call your loan servicer directly at the number that is listed on your mortgage statement. Report suspicious activity to the Office of the Attorney General at oag.ca.gov/report and file a complaint with the FTC at reportfraud.ftc.gov.
• Protect your online information and accounts with strong passwords: Protect yourself by using different, unique passwords for each of your online accounts. Make sure that the passwords you use are at least eight characters, including a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols.
• Check your credit card bills and bank statements often: Look for unauthorized charges, withdrawals, or unexpected bills, and report irregular activity to your bank as soon as you see it. If you notice that a bill didn’t arrive on time, it may mean that someone has changed the contact information on your account in order to hide fraudulent charges. Don't share personal information: Be careful about what personal information you share, such as your address or financial information.
• Sign up for the Enhanced Homeowner Notification Program: If you reside in Los Angeles County, you may sign up to receive mailed copies of documents recorded against your home, allowing you to review recorded real estate documents so you are aware of actions taken against your property.

If you believe you have been the victim or target of a scam, immediately contact your local police department or reach out to your base legal office. For the legal office’s contact information, ask your command or visit to legalassistance.law.af.mil/. California National Guard personnel can also obtain legal help at calguard.ca.gov. You may also file a complaint with the Office of the Attorney General at oag.ca.gov/report. For additional information on military-targeted scams, visit our website at oag.ca.gov/consumers/general/military.